Bj-By
By Admin | December 27, 2008 at 6:43 pm
Blair fusion: Used to repair fracture through neck of talus. Longitudinal incision is made on anterior ankle with reflection of extensor digitorum longus tendons laterally and extensor hallucis longus tendons medially. The avascular body of talus is excised with a sliding graft from the anterior tibia made and then fitted into a transverse slot made in talar neck. To add stability while healing, a screw is placed to fix the proximal graft to the tibia and the fusion site is packed with cancellous bone grafts.
Blandy procedure: A type of urethroplasty for urethral strictures.
Blasucci catheter: Thin hollow device with opening at distal end; used to drain/dilate ureters. Available with either a flexible straight filiform tip or flexible spiral filiform tip.
Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome (pseudoglioma syndrome):
Blount brace: Used to correct scoliosis; consists of molded pelvic band with anterior and posterior metal struts attached to chin and occipital bars.
Blount osteotomy: Displacement type osteotomy for treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip.Blount procedure: Treatment of bone growth discrepancies in the leg. Uses staples placed across the growth plate to arrest growth.
Blundell-Jones osteotomy: Type of varus osteotomy of the hip affected by paralysis.
Boeck sarcoid: Sarcoidosis.
Boerema-Crile procedure: Transesophageal ligation of varices to control hemorrhage in cirrhosis. Uses both a thoracotomy and esophagotomy and is considered a temporizing procedure only.
Bohannon-Smith modification (of Ashworth scale): Used to describe spasticity. Score or 0, slight increase in tone with slight momentary rigidity when limb is moved or with minimal resistance at the end of the range of motion; 1+, slight increase in tone with slight momentary rigidity when limb is moved and minimal resistance through the last part of the range of motion; 3, most of range of motion with increased tone, but still with easy movement; 4, signficant increase in muscle tone; 5, affected limbs are rigid.
Boix-Ochoa technique: Surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. Uses an abdominal approach; the distal esophagus is exposed and mobilized and then anchored to the hiatal crura to fashion the maximum length possible of esophagus in the abdominal cavity. The posterior pillars are reapproximated with sutures and the angle of His is restored by placing a suture from the fundus to the right crura. Sutures are then placed between the gastric fundus and the intraabdominal esophagus to effect anterior plication. Finally, 3 sutures are placed between the fundus and the undersurface of the left diaphragm to remove tension on the previously placed sutures.
Boley procedure: Surgical treatment of Hirschsprung disease; variation of endorectal pull-through technique using a one-stage primary 2-layer anastomosis at the pectinate line.
Boltzmann distribution: Important concept in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. States that if a system of particles can exchange energy in collisions is in a state of thermal equilibrium, the relative number of any two particles N1 and N2 in energy levels E1 and E2 is calculated by N1/N2 = exp [ -(E1 - E2)/kT] where T is the absolute temperature and k is the Boltzmann constant.
Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc syndrome: Nevus flammeus of face, intracranial angiomas in mesencephalon and thalamus and retinal angiomatosis.
Bonney test (Marshall test): Used in incontinence evaluation by placing a finger in vaginal canal to assess laxity of pelvic floor.
Borden tube: Thermometer based on expansion of gas. Often used as a thermostat because of a relatively slow response to transient changes in temperature.
Boix-Ochoa technique: Surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. Uses an abdominal approach; the distal esophagus is exposed and mobilized and then anchored to the hiatal crura to fashion the maximum length possible of esophagus in the abdominal cavity. The posterior pillars are reapproximated with sutures and the angle of His is restored by placing a suture from the fundus to the right crura. Sutures are then placed between the gastric fundus and the intraabdominal esophagus to effect anterior plication. Finally, 3 sutures are placed between the fundus and the undersurface of the left diaphragm to remove tension on the previously placed sutures.
Boley procedure: Surgical treatment of Hirschsprung disease; variation of endorectal pull-through technique using a one-stage primary 2-layer anastomosis at the pectinate line.
Boltzmann distribution: Important concept in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. States that if a system of particles can exchange energy in collisions is in a state of thermal equilibrium, the relative number of any two particles N1 and N2 in energy levels E1 and E2 is calculated by N1/N2 = exp [ -(E1 - E2)/kT] where T is the absolute temperature and k is the Boltzmann constant.
Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc syndrome: Nevus flammeus of face, intracranial angiomas in mesencephalon and thalamus and retinal angiomatosis.
Bonney test (Marshall test): Used in incontinence evaluation by placing a finger in vaginal canal to assess laxity of pelvic floor.
Borden tube: Thermometer based on expansion of gas. Often used as a thermostat because of a relatively slow response to transient changes in temperature.
Borden-Spencer-Herndon osteotomy: Used to treat coxa vara.
Bordet-Gengou agar: Used to diagnose B. pertussis in diagnosis of whooping cough.
Bors-Comarr classification: Categorizes voiding dysfunction in patients with neurological impairment. Takes into consideration anatomic location of lesion, neurological completeness of lesion and whether emptying is balanced or unbalanced (>20% residual in upper motor neuron lesion or > 10% residual in lower motor neuron lesion)
Boston exanthem (echovirus 16): Virus causing roseoliform eruptions with .5 — 1.5 cm pink macules starting on face and upper chest and spreading to limbs; resolves after 4 — 5 days.
Bourne rash: Toxemic rash of pregnancy; marked by pruritic urticarial papules.
Bowditch staircase phenomenon (Treppe phenomenon): Frequency depended regulation of contractility of the human heart. Another way to describe this is that the heart experiences an increased contractile force with an increased heart rate. This effect is most evident in a depressed heart.
Brackett osteotomy: Performed on the hip.Braden score: Assesses risk of patient developing a pressure ulcer based on following categories: sensory perception rated as none, poor, some, unimpaired (0-4); moisture rated as constant, often, occasional, rare (0-4);activity rated as bed-ridden, chair, limited walking, ambulatory (0-4); mobility rated as immobile, very limited, slightly limited, unimpaired (0-4); nutrition rated as very poor, inadequate, adequate, excellent; friction and shear rated as problem, potential problem, no problem (0-3). Scores are totalled with < 19 considered high risk.
Bradley classification: Categorization of voiding dysfunction on basis of 4 neurological loops that control the lower urinary tract. Loop 1, neuronal connections between cerebral cortex and pontine — mesencephalic micturition center. Lesions affecting this loop (brain tumors, cerebral atrophy, stoke) cause detrusor hyperreflexia; loop 2, intraspinal connection of detrusor muscle afferent fibers to brain stem micturition center and return motor impulses. Lesions affecting this loop (spinal cord injury or transsection) cause poor emptying with residual urine; loop 3 peripheral detrusor afferent axons in spinal cord. Lesions here cause detrusor-striated sphincter dyssynergia or involuntary sphincter relaxation; loop 4A, suprasacral afferent fibers and efferent innervation of pudendal motor neurons to striated periurethral muscle and loop 4B, different segmentation of these pudendal motor neurons. Lesions here cause loss of ability to voluntarily contract detrusor.
Brattleboro rat: Experimental laboratory animal genetically deficient in vasopressing; used in research in diabetes insipidus.
Brewerton view: Radiologic positioning technique used to optimize view of the metacarpal heads. Hand is pronated 30 degrees from full supination.
Bristow-Helfet procedure: Used to repair recurrent anterior glenohumeral joint dislocations. The coracoid process with attached tendons is transferred to neck of scapula.
Brockenbrough transseptal catheter: Used for crossing from right to left atrium through the interatrial septum at the foass ovalis. Has tapered tip with 2-6 side holes and an end hole. The tip is curved to facilitate movement from left atrium to left ventricle. Advanced over a Brockenbrough needle.
Brocq pseudopelade: Scarring of scalp in “footprints in snow” pattern; occurs in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Brodie-Trendelenburg percussion test: Used to detect incompetent valves in superficial leg veins that contribute to varicosities. Performed by having examiner place one finger on the distal end of the vein to be evaluated with the proximal vein percussed. Positive finding indicating valve incompetence is a palpable pulse detected at the distal end.
Brodie-Trendelenburg Test I: See Trendelenburg test.
Brodie-Trendelenburg Test II: See Trendelenburg test.Brodmann area 17: Visual cortex located in occipital lobe.
Brooke tumors (epithelioma adenoides cysticum): Cutaneous adnexal tumors developing in childhood or at puberty that appear to be differentiating toward hair follicles. Occur on face, scalp, neck and nasolabial folds; only rarely do they develop into basal cell tumors.
Broviac catheter: usu. Fitted with a Luer lock for easy infustion of fluids.
Brown-Buerger cystoscope: Early version of the cystoscope that provided a magnified, illuminated image of the interior bladder wall, except for a “blind spot” on the posterior wall of the bladder. Was inserted into the bladder through the urethra.
Bruce protocol: The patient is exercised through 5 stages of increasing grade and speed ranging from 10-15% and 1.7-5.0 mph, respectively.
Bura view: Radiologic positioning technique used to evaluate injuries of the ulnar wrist. An anterior posterior direction is used from a superior oblique angle of the wrist in 35 degrees supination.
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Am - Ay
By Admin | December 6, 2008 at 7:14 pm
Andrews procedure: Iliotibial band tenodesis; used to treat anterior cruciate ligament laxity.
Andrew- Minneapolis hemoglobin: Type of high oxygen affinity hemoglobin that produces erythrocytosis; lysine molecule in the beta 144 (HC1) position is replaced by asparagine.
Andy Gump deformity: Facial profile with “weak chin” due to loss of soft and hard tissue in the floor of the mouth and anterior mandible; occurs most commonly after loss of the anterior mandible following ablative cancer surgery.
Anel probe: Very small-diameter probe used to intubate lacrimal ducts.
Angelchik device: Horseshoe-shaped Silastic band placed around the distal esophagus through an abdominal incision; used to keep the distal esophagus intra-abdominal to correct gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Angelman syndrome (happy puppet syndrome): Jerky movements of arms and legs, uncontrollable laughing, enlarged tongue, and speech difficulties; onset in early childhood. Cause is chromosomal microdeletion 15q11-13. Marked by mental retardation, blond hair, seizures and hypotonia.
Angelucci syndrome: Flushing palpitations and excitable demeanor in setting of vernal conjunctivitis and photophobia; symptoms are usually worse in springtime. Severity decreases as patient ages.
Anger camera: Scintillation camera used to form image of radionuclide distribution. Radiation interacts with large sodium iodide crystal, which produces light pulses that are converted to an image on a cathode ray tube..
Anghelescu sign: Test for vertebral body disease; positive if patient is unable to lift spine off of a flat surface while placing weight on the head and heels.
Angle classification: System that describes dental occlusion. Class 1 (normal), mesiobuccal cusp of 1st maxillary molar fits into the mesiobuccal groove of the first mandibular molar; class 2, mesiobuccal cusp of the 1st maxillary molar is closer to the dental midline than the mesiobuccal groove of the 1st mandibular molar; class 3, mesiobuccal cusp of the 1st maxillary molar is distal to the mesiobuccal groove of the 1st mandibular molar.
angle of Boogaard: Basal angle of skull on midsagittal radiographic view; normal value is 118-147 degrees.
anterior knee of Willebrand: See knee of Willebrand (anterior).
Apak syndrome (X-linked cerebellar ataxia): Mental retardation, truncal ataxia, speech difficulties, nystagmus and peroneal muscle atrophy. Death occurs in young adulthood from infection. Condition is an X-linked trait.
Appelt-Gerken-Lenz syndrome (see Roberts syndrome):
Arnold-Lipliawski test: Used to detect the presence of acetic acid.
Arrhenius plot: Describes relationship of growth rate of a microorganism to temperature. This is an extension of the Arrhenius equation that governs chemical reactions. Log K is plotted on the ordinate and 1/T(K0) is plotted on the abscissa. The plot takes the general shape of a shark’s tooth.
artery of Bernasconi and Cassinari (artery of tentorium): Branch off meningohyposeal trunk. Often enlarged in tentorial meningiomas.
Ashworth scale: Used to describe spasticity. Score of 0, no increase in tone; 1, slight increase in tone with slight momentary rigidity when limb is moved; 2, limb still easily flexed but with an increased tone; 3, passive movement is difficult; 4, limb is rigid. Also see Bohannon-Smith scale.
Atkin-Flaitz-Patil syndrome: X-linked mental retardation. Defect has been mapped to Xp11.3-Xq12.
Atwater factors: Describes caloric equivalents of various fuel sources for the body. Examples are: fat provides 9 Kcal/gm; protein provides 4 Kcal/gm; carbohydrates provide 4 Kcal/gm; and alcohol provides 7 Kcal/gm.
Austin osteotomy: Type of foot surgery involving the capital head of the metatarsals.
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Julia Bell
By Admin | February 24, 2008 at 5:34 pm
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